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Through collaboration, the participants gain access to advanced tools, emerging technologies, unpublished or private data, and technical expertise. An indicator of such collaborations is the authorship data of peer-... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Supplemental Tables Citation of S&E articles in USPTO utility patents, by cited field, cited author country, and patent sector: 2013–20 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Figure Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available Coauthored business-sector publications with other academic, government, and foreign institutions: 2008 and 2020 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Innovation Indicators: Introducing New Products and Processes The previous sections of this report examined indicators of invention output and knowledge transfer activities. As described earlier, invention represents a subset of R&D output that includes new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, or compositions of matter, or any new and useful improv... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Supplemental Tables International patent families granted in textile and paper machines, by region, country, or economy: 1998–2020 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas As described in the introduction, R&D activities from all parts of society create new knowledge (Image INV-1, see Introduction). A large share of this new knowledge is intended as a public good and disclosed to the scientific community and to the public via scientific literature. This activity is... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available As described in the previous Invention Indicators: Protecting Useful Ideas section, the output of R&D, both formal and informal, includes scientific knowledge, inventions (i.e., new and useful processes, machines, manufactures, or compositions of matter, or any new and useful improvements thereof... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Figure Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available Log scale of citations of U.S. S&E articles in USPTO utility patents, by selected patent sector and S&E article field cited: 2020 Governments, academia, and business all contribute to the interrelated system of invention, knowledge transfer, and innovation. Patenting activities—an indicator of invention—are increasingly international, with middle-income countries increasing their share of patents granted worldwide. Trademar... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Knowledge Transfer Indicators: Making Information Available Publications Cited in Patents When peer-reviewed publications like those described above are cited in patent documents, the linkage between the two documents provides an indicator of knowledge transfer from the scientific literature to the patent. These indicators show the disproportionately large role of academic publication... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 Analysis | Reports Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation | Innovation Indicators: Introducing New Products and Processes Sidebar: Rapid Innovation and the Development of the COVID-19 Vaccine Epidemiologists, doctors, and other scientists worked under extreme time pressure to develop, test, and produce effective vaccines for COVID-19. The contributions of globally recognized universities, government agencies, nonprofit initiatives, and pharmaceutical companies demonstrate the kind of ... March 08, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20224 1 ⋯ 2 3 ⋯ 10 Next